Cancer: Types, Causes, Symptoms, Diagnosis & Research

What is Cancer?

Cancer is the second most common cause of death after heart disease.  Cancer is a group of diseases involving uncontrolled growth of abnormal cells in the body. Cancer begins in body cells. Normally, your body produces new cells when the body needs them, replacing old cells that die. Unfortunately, sometimes this process goes wrong. New cells were grown even when you do not need them and old cells don't die when they should. These extra cells can form a mass called a tumor or benign tumor. Benign tumors are not cancer while malignant ones are. These cells can invade nearby tissues. These malignant tumors break away and spread to other parts of the body. More dangerous when this process occurs. When malignant tumors move throughout the body using blood, destroying healthy tissues, a process called an invasion. That cell manages to divide and grow, making new blood vessels to feed itself in a process called parthenogenesis. Each cancer type, cause, and treatment is different according to its biology and psychopathology. In this article, we discuss types of cancer, the cause of cancer, symptoms of cancer, treatment of cancer, how to reduced risk of cancer and how cancer can spread.

Video for your help to understand better cancer:



What causes of Cancer?

Cancer is caused by transform to the DNA within cells. Cancer is a group of disease involving uncontrolled growth of abnormal cells in the body. Tobacco and smoking is 90% cause of lung cancer. Hormonal changes, Overweight and obesity, Physical inactivity, Dietary factors, Alcohol use, Chronic infections, human papilloma virus (HPV), hepatitis B virus (HBV), hepatitis C virus (HCV), sun and other types of radiation, viruses and other infections are a common cause of cancer.

Types of Cancer:

There are more than 200 types of cancers affects human. The approximately common types of cancer in females are colorectal cancer, cervical cancer, breast cancer and lung cancer. In males are prostate cancer, stomach cancer, lung cancer and colorectal cancer. Including Anal cancer, Bladder cancer, Bone cancer, Colon cancer, Endometrial cancer, Kidney cancer, Leukemia, Liver cancer, Lymphoma, Ovarian cancer, Pancreatic cancer, Testicular cancer, Thyroid cancer, Vaginal cancer and Vulvar cancer.
Cancer can develop in almost any tissue or organs, such as the breast, bones, lungs, skin, or nerve tissue.

What are the symptoms of Cancer?

When cancer begins, cancer generally has no symptoms. Symptoms vary depending on the type of cancer. 



General Symptoms of Cancer:

  • Lumps in Breast.
  • Constant infections
  • Fatigue, Nausea, and Vomiting
  • Abnormal bleeding or discharge
  • Brain (Headaches, Seizures & Vertigo)
  • Continued, Unexplained weight loss or appetite
  • Respiratory (Coughing-up blood, Hemoptysis & Dyspnea)
  • Discomfort & Pain (Chest pain, Bone pain, back pain, stomach pain and Pelvic/Abdominal Pain)
Other symptoms & sign may also indicate the presence of some form of cancers:
  • Jaundice
  • Belly Bloat
  • Painful Sex
  • Low Hemoglobin
  • Urinary Symptoms
  • Abnormal Menstrual
  • Lump in your breast
  • Shortness of Breath
  • Vaginal Bump & Itching
  • Changes in bowel habits
  • Unknown and Unresolved fever
  • Non-bloody Vaginal Discharge
  • Liver (Hepatomegaly & Jaundice)
  • Vision changes which occur suddenly
  • Constant tiredness or noticeable paleness

How is Cancer Diagnosed?

Cancer can be detected by symptoms, sign or screening test. There are various methods of treatment cancer. Cancer is usually treated with combination of radiation therapy, chemotherapy, surgery and targeted therapy. Cancer is curable when detected early stages. Early detection through screening is helpful for colorectal cancer and cervical cancer. Many cancers are treatable with early diagnosis and treatment. Treatment varies depending on the type of cancer. Cancers that are diagnosis at last stage is difficult to cure. With the advancement of technologies you can easily understand cancers better. Some types of cancers are hard to identify like lymphomas, even for an expert. Sign, symptoms and pain are an important part of care. Alternative care is unusually important in people with advanced disease.
The chance of survival depends on the type of cancer. In United States, last five year survival rate is 66%.

Various Methods of Cancer Diagnosis:

  1. Tumor markers
  2. Frozen Section
  3. Molecular diagnosis
  4. Electron Microscopy
  5. Immunohistochemistry
  6. Cytological diagnosis
  7. Radiological diagnosis
  • X-ray
  • Ultrasound
  • CT scan
  • MRI
  1. Histological diagnosis
  • Biopsy
  • Endoscopy
  • Needle biopsy
  • Surgical biopsy
  1. Heamatogical diagnosis
  2. Flow cytometry (Advanced method)

Cancer Research:

American Cancer Society (ACS) estimated that cancer is the major cause of death in the US. Estimated that $263.8 billion per year financial costs of cancer in the US. It is believed that cancer risk can be reduced by avoiding alcohol, tobacco and maintaining health. 22% of cancer deaths are a cause of Tobacco. 10% cause of death is obesity, drinking alcohol and lack of physical activity. Nearly 20% of cancers are due to infections such as hepatitis C and hepatitis B. Almost 5 to 10% of cancer is due to inherited genetic defects. According to WHO (World Health Organization) 14 million new cancer cases and 8.2 million deaths cause of cancer in 2012.

Cancer Facts & Figures 2012:




Cancer Facts & Figures 2013:
In 2013, 1660290 new cancer cases are expected to be diagnosed and 580350 Americans are projected to die, approximately 1600 a day. Nearly 1 of 4 deaths is a cause of cancer in the US.
Cancer Facts & Figures 2014:
Cancer Facts & Figures 2015:
Cancer Facts & Figures 2016:

Estimated Cancer Causes and Death Statistics 2017:

How Cancer can spread?

Cancer cells can spread through bloodstream, lymph nodes, organs, or tissues in the body. They can spread into whole body. The process by which cancer cells travel to the other parts of the body is called metastasis. Usually cancer spreads into bone, lung and liver. A cancerous cell at early stage does not kill you. Certain cancers have survival rates of more than 90%.
Video for Your help Understand better How Cancer Cells Spread:



How Does Cancer Kill You?

How to Reduce Risk of Cancer:

Making some simple changes in your lifestyle and reduce the risk of cancer.

  • Healthy eating
  • Not smoking
  • Eating plenty of vegetables
  • Not drinking too much alcohol
  • Avoiding too much sunlight exposure.
  • Don't use tobacco
  • Avoid obesity
  • Limit processed meats
  • Avoid risky behaviors
  • Get regular medical care

Comments

Post a Comment